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Look andLook Gate 'for Canals, 8vo.

' UNITED- STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES POUUHET, OF PARIS, AND GSTAVE SAUTEREAU, OF GHABRIS,

FRANCE.

LOCK AND LOCK-GATE FOR CANALS, 860.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.l 227,831, dated May 18, 1880.

Application filed July 2S, 1879. Patented in France February 12, 1877.

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that we, JAMES POUGHET, of Paris, France, civil engineer, and GUSTAVE SAUTEREAU, of Chabris, Department of Indre,

France, civil engineer, have invented Improvements in Locks and Lock-Gates for Canals, Docks, Harbors, and Navigable Rivers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a novel construction of locks used in canal and river navigation, and has for its object, principally, to en-4 able a far greater lift to be obtained with a `single lock or small number of locks than was with draft-chains, and in other details of improvement hereinafter more fully pointed out.

In the accompanying sheets of drawings, Figure l is a longitudinal vertical section of a canal-lock provided with our improvement. Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof. These tjvo iigures are drawn on a smaller scale than the other figures. Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section, partly on the line C D and partly on theline E F of Fig.2. Fig. 4L is avertical transverse section of the tail-gate on the line G'H, Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is avertical transverse section of the lock on the line A B, Fig. 2, showing the large tail-gate closed. Figs. 6 and 7 are respectively vertical longitudinal and transverse sections, on an enlarged scale, ofthe upper part of the tail-gate with its girderguide. Figs. 8 and 9 are respectively vertical longitudinal and transverse sections of the tail-gate and its supports. Fig. l0 is a horizontal section of the end portions of the same. p

Similar letters of reference indicate corre-4 sponding parts in all the figures.

The letter a represents the tail-bay. j is the loclechaniber, and l the head-bay. j' is the .tail-gate, and gthe head-gate. Instead of employing but one tail-gate and one headgate, y

` several such gates may be employed if it is desired to divide the lift.

The gates f g may be of the same construction or of different construction. only describe the tail-gate f; but it is understood that the headgate may be constructed We shall similar thereto, or may be a hinged gate of the kind heretofore generally used.

The gate f is a sliding gate, which extends across the end of the lock-chamber when closed, While when the lock is to be opened the gatef is slid into a chamber, h, which is situated at one side of the-lock-chamber and projects at nearly right angles therefrom. On that side of the canal-lock which is opposite the gatechamber h is a small chamber or recess, t', to receive the end of the gate when the lock-chamber j is closed. rlhe gate-chamber h is large enough to completely contain the gate f, and admits of being closed to form a dry-dock for repairing said gate.

We prefer to place the chamber h at an angle ot' about eighty degrees to the side of thev lockchamber. By beveling the contact-surfacesat an angle of about ten degrees to the gate they will be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lock, and the resultant of the pressure upon the masonry will always be parallel to the said axis.

The gate f is made in the form of a rectanair-chamber, 2, at the bottom, to which up- Wardlyextending cylindrical shafts 3 give access. The gate may be mounted on wheels or rollers; but in the construction shown in the drawings, Which is particularly applicable to gates of large dimensions, We have shown the gate to be mounted on four skids or shoes, l, Which are very clearly shown in Fig. 9. These shoes are hollowed underneath to contain water, which is forced into the grooves below at a high pressure, so as to slightly raise the gate before motion is imparted to it and assist in easing its motion.V

4 4 are large metallic-pointed scrapers at-' tached to the ends of the gate nearrthe lower edge, to clear the guideways of theskids from stones or matter deposited in the water. The gate should also be provided upon the inner face, above the level ofthe air-chamber, with` apertures for the inlet and exit of Water, in order that it may be always sufficientl y weighted to prevent its lifting while. the lock is being filled.

In order to insure the water-tight closure of the lock when the gate is closed, we provide the gate j' with two beveled contact-faces, u, which come against and make tight joints with similarly-beveled seats or surfaces r on the side walls of the lock. (See Fig. 10.) These beveled faces allow the gate to slide freely to and fro, and at the same time insure the water-tight closing of the gate. 4'lhebeveled contact-faces a r are preferably provided with wooden planks possessing a certainy amount of elasticity.

The gate f is moved backward and forward by means of chains t, which are' attached to its base, Fig. 5, passing around guidepulleys x, and are then connected to a suitable capstan or motor. Such a motor may beset into motion by the water in the head-bay. The gate is opened or closed by hauling one of the y chains v and slacking the other chain. When the gate is drawn back into its chamber h the l chain which passes across the lock is slackened, so as to allow it to sink into a gutter or channel, y, Figs. 8 and 9, which is sunk into the floor of the lock and extends transversely across the same. will be protected from damage should the vessel touch the bottom of the lock.

Each ofthe chains uis attached vto a swivel, z, Fig. 8, which has an enlargement yor head that is inclosed within a box. Between this head and the box is an elastic cushion, which -ber h, Fig. 5. The object of this girder is to form a guide for the upper edge of the gate when closing and opening the same. W'hen the gate is to be opened the girder-guide is withdrawn into a chamber forming acontinuation of the upper part of the gatechamber h. If the gate is to be closed, the girder-guide is lirst moved across the lock until its end is received in a niche made in the side wall at the upper part of the recess t'. By this means the gate can be closed even during a high wind, which would otherwise be liable to upset it.

A In order to allow communication to be established between the loclechamber and either the head or tail bay, or between the head and tail bays, culverts m m are embedded within theside walls of the lock-chamber, which connect by branch culverts a n with the lockchamber and the tail and head bays. These culverts are placed on a level with the iloor of In this manner the chain.

.the groove s of the wall.

grooves, s s, into which are placed vertical` guides or ribs, Figs. 1-4. `Between these guides floats or pontons t, which are hollow oats or blocks of suitable form, lighter than water, are free to move up and down. These oats restalways on the surface of the water, 'and rise or fall with the varyingheight of the water.

To the floats t are attached the bitts of the mooring-cables, the other end of said cables being attached to the vessel in the lock.` In this way, andas the floats t will always be on a level with the vessel, themooring-cabl es will always be taut, and will never require to be lengthened or shortened during the rising or descent of the vessel, as was heretofore necessary when lthe bitts ofthe mooring-cables were attached to fixed holds.

The floats t are preferably provided at top quisite amount of play, so as to prevent jamming, and at the same time to retain the oats in their guides.

In Figs. 1 and 2, b b represent the quays. c arewindlasses, and d capstans.

With the above-described canal-lock Lake Nicaragua may be connected with the adjoining oceans by a single lock, while with the system heretofore used from seven to twelve locks' would be deemed necessary. For a ca'- nal-lock of this magnitude the following dimensions should be employed: Length of lock-chamber, two hundred meters; breadth of gates, twenty meters; mean lift, thirty-two meters eighty centimeters; mean depth of water on the tail miter-sill, eight meters twenty-ve centimeters. v

In Figs. 11, 12, and 13 we have given enlarged detail views of the grooves s with their guides and pontons t.

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Fig. 13 is a top view ofthe ponton within I Fig. 11 isa crosssection on line xx of Fig. 13, and Fig. 12 isa face view of the ponton in the groove.

The ponton is represented as of cylindrical form and provided with three sets of frictionrollers, t2 t2, that straddle three ribs, t3 t3, which are fixed in the grooved portion of the wall. Thus the ponton is free to move up and down, but not permitted any lateral motion.

The moving bitt t4 is securely affixed to the top of the ponton. Y

In Fig. 14 we have given an enlarged sectional view, showing the manner of securing the water-resisting surface or plates w4 of the IZO Laim

gate by inner brackets, 'm5, to the horizontal beams w, suitable connecting-.rivets being employed.

Fig. 15 is an enlarged cross-section of the beam 106, showing how it connects by the strengthening -brackets w with the trestle- Work w8. f

Fig. 16 shows an enlarged section of one of the shoes, l, andthe pipe p* for supplying the inner and the grooved lowersurface thereof with Water under pressure. l'Ihe pipe leads to a suitable machine for forcing Water into and through it and into the grooves below at ahigh pressure, so as to slightly raise the gate before it is moved horizontally, and thereby to ease the motion.

We claim- 1. In acanal-lock having laterallyprojecting gate-chambers 71 one or more sliding gates,

fg, combined each with a pair of draft-chains,

c,c,for operation substantially as herein shown and described.

2. In a canal-lock having one or more laterally-slidin g gates which are moved by chains, the gutters y in the iioor of the lock for receiving the slack chains when the gates are opened, substantially as herein shown and described.

3. The sliding canal-gatef, constructed with air-chamber 2 and shaft or shafts 3, lsubstantially as herein shown and described.

4C. The sliding canal-gatef, constructed and combined with the scraper 4, substantially as herein shown and described.

5. The sliding canal-gate f, combined with hollow shoes and with air chamber 2, substantially as herein shown and described.

6. The movable girder-guide 5, combined with the sliding canal-gate j', substantially as herein shown and described.

7. In a canal-lock, the loclrcliamberj, having recesses s, in combination with pontons or floats t, which carry the bitts for the mooringcables Within said recesses, substantially as herein shown and described.

' JAMES POUCHET.

GUSTAVE SAUTEREAU. Witnesses:

ROBT. M. HOOPER, J EAN BArrrIsrE ROLLAND. 

